Mon. May 25th, 2026
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By Chioma Obinna

Nigeria has stepped up efforts to confront antimicrobial resistance (AMR), food safety risks and the growing impact of climate change on agriculture through a strengthened One Health approach.

One Health Agenda brings together the animal, human, and environmental sectors.

At a workshop themed “Strengthening AMR Surveillance, Biosafety and Climate-Smart Agriculture Through a One Health Approach in Nigeria,” experts, policymakers and members of the DAN-NG Alumni Community said the country must adopt evidence-driven and integrated solutions to protect public health and secure the future of food systems.

The programme, supported by the Danida Fellowship Centre (DFC) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, aligned with global Sustainable Development Goals and the DFC guiding principle: Inspire, Connect, Act.

Speaking, Coordinator of DAN-NG and Chief Regulatory Officer at NAFDAC, Hajita Sidikat Kamal, said the workshop underscored Nigeria’s urgent need to build resilience across the livestock and public-health value chain.

“This workshop brought together the best minds across government, academia and regulatory agencies because the threats we face are interconnected,” she said. “AMR, climate change and food safety challenges do not respect sector boundaries. Our solutions cannot be fragmented.”

Kamal said the programme focused on improving ethical animal husbandry, modernising feed management, strengthening traceability systems, enhancing disease surveillance and promoting responsible use of veterinary medicines.

“We must promote responsible antibiotic use, strengthen surveillance and build systems that prevent contamination from farm to table. Climate-smart livestock systems are no longer optional; they are essential for food security,” she added.

Representatives from NAFDAC, the Federal Ministry of Livestock Development, and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security joined veterinarians, farmers and food-safety professionals to examine risks across the livestock value chain.

A key component was capacity-building to support what organisers described as “resilient, modern livestock systems” capable of withstanding climate pressures and emerging diseases.

Participants noted that the 2025 year’s global AMR theme, Act Now: Protect Our Present, Secure Our Future 2025, was a reminder that antimicrobial resistance and climate change are cross-cutting threats that undermine vaccines, food safety, agricultural productivity and public health.

“Climate change is driving the spread of diseases such as yellow fever by expanding vector ranges and disrupting immunisation services,” Kamal noted. “Lower-income countries, particularly those under humanitarian stress, are the most vulnerable.”

Nigeria’s cooperation with Denmark under the Strategic Sector Cooperation (SSC), established in 2020, has continued to expand. Officials said more than 44 joint projects have strengthened livestock production, improved animal-health systems and advanced sustainable agriculture nationwide.

Kamal described the workshop as a platform for learning, collaboration and practical action.

“The knowledge generated here must ripple outward,” she said. “It should inform policy, strengthen communities and advance climate-smart, One Health-aligned agriculture across Nigeria.”

She invoked an African proverb to underscore the need for collective effort: “If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.”

“Today, we came together to go far,” she added. “This workshop has inspired, connected and empowered us to act for the future of food safety, public health and environmental sustainability.”
The post Nigeria, Denmark push One Health to tackle AMR, food safety, climate threats appeared first on Vanguard News.

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From Tramadol to Canadian to Exol-5 The New Drug Destroying Nigerian Youths An Investigative Article .From Tramadol to Canadian to Exol-5: The New Drug Destroying Nigerian Youths An Investigative Report on the Shifting Landscape of Substance Abuse in Nigeria Nigeria faces a severe and evolving drug crisis, particularly among its youth. What began with the widespread abuse of Tramadol has progressed through mixtures like “Canadian” to newer pharmaceutical diversions such as Exol-5. This shift reflects deeper issues: easy access to prescription drugs, weak regulation, socioeconomic pressures, and aggressive street-level marketing. NDLEA operations and health studies reveal a public health emergency that threatens an entire generation. Phase 1: The Tramadol Epidemic (2010s–Early 2020s) Tramadol, a synthetic opioid prescribed for moderate to severe pain, became Nigeria’s most notorious street drug. Cheap, potent, and widely smuggled (often from India and other Asian countries), it offered users energy, euphoria, and pain relief — appealing to commercial drivers, laborers, students, and young men seeking confidence or stamina. Scale of the Problem: Millions of tablets seized annually by NDLEA. High prevalence among young males aged 15–35. Linked to increased crime, sexual violence, organ damage (kidney failure, seizures), and mental health breakdowns. Contributed to broader opioid misuse alongside codeine cough syrups. Government responses included tighter import controls and public awareness campaigns, but these only displaced demand to other substances rather than eliminating it. Phase 2: The Rise of “Canadian” (Mid-2020s) “Canadian” or “Canadian Loud” emerged as a popular code for high-grade cannabis (often indica-dominant strains) or cannabis mixed with other synthetics. It gained traction as users sought alternatives or combinations to Tramadol’s effects. This phase marked a move toward imported or locally cultivated premium weed, sometimes laced with stronger chemicals. Youths in urban centers like Lagos, Kano, Jos, and Onitsha embraced it for its perceived “cleaner” high compared to opioids. However, it fueled polydrug use — combining cannabis with opioids, sedatives, or alcohol — amplifying health risks. Phase 3: Exol-5 – The Current Threat (2024–2026) Exol-5 (Benzhexol Hydrochloride / Trihexyphenidyl 5mg), originally a prescription medication for Parkinson’s disease and drug-induced movement disorders, has become the latest pharmaceutical being heavily abused. Why Exol-5? Euphoric Effects: Users report intense euphoria, hallucinations, and a sense of detachment — making it attractive as a cheap “upper” or escape. Accessibility: Sold over-the-counter or on the black market despite being a controlled prescription drug. NDLEA has seized millions of pills in single operations (e.g., 3.1 million pills in Kano in late 2024, and over 5.6 million combined with Tramadol in other busts). Street Names: Exol, Artane, Benzhexol, “Farin Mallam” (in Northern Nigeria). Demographics: Prevalent among youths, laborers, and even psychiatric patients who divert prescriptions. Studies show abuse rates as high as 25% among certain outpatient groups. Health Consequences: Anticholinergic toxicity: Confusion, dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, and in high doses — delirium, psychosis, seizures, and heart issues. Long-term: Cognitive impairment, addiction, exacerbated mental health disorders. Often mixed with Tramadol, codeine, or cannabis, creating dangerous synergies. In cities like Jos, Exol-5 sits alongside diazepam, Rohypnol, and Tramadol on street markets, easily available to teenagers and young adults. Why This Evolution Continues Supply-Side Failures: Porous borders, corrupt officials, and overproduction of pharmaceuticals enable diversion. Demand Drivers: Unemployment, poverty, peer pressure, trauma, and the pursuit of performance enhancement (e.g., for “hustle” culture). Weak Regulation: Many pharmacies sell restricted drugs without prescriptions. Online and street vendors fill gaps. Displacement Effect: Cracking down on one substance (Tramadol/codeine) pushes users and dealers toward the next available option. NDLEA reports ongoing large seizures, but the problem persists due to high profitability and low risk for mid-level distributors. Broader Impacts on Nigerian Youths Education: Increased dropout rates and poor academic performance. Mental Health: Rising cases of psychosis and depression. Economy: Lost productivity among the working-age population. Crime and Violence: Drug-fueled robberies, cultism, and family breakdowns. Public Health System Strain: Overburdened hospitals treating overdoses and chronic complications. Young people aged 15–39 remain the hardest hit, with national surveys showing drug use prevalence significantly above global averages. What Must Be Done Stronger Enforcement: Consistent prosecution of corrupt enablers and large-scale traffickers. Regulation: Crackdown on rogue pharmacies and better tracking of prescription drugs. Prevention & Rehabilitation: School programs, community outreach, and expanded treatment centers (currently woefully inadequate). Economic Alternatives: Address root causes like youth unemployment. Public Awareness: Honest campaigns highlighting real dangers of “Exol-5” and similar drugs. Conclusion From Tramadol’s opioid grip to “Canadian” cannabis culture and now Exol-5’s anticholinergic highs, Nigeria’s drug crisis is mutating faster than responses can contain it. Exol-5 represents the dangerous new frontier — a legitimate medicine turned youth destroyer due to misuse and greed. Without urgent, multi-layered intervention — combining supply disruption, demand reduction, and socioeconomic support — an entire generation risks being lost to addiction. The time for half-measures is over. Nigeria’s future depends on winning this fight.